Superior mesenteric veinous thrombosis with Bacteroides fragilis infection: a case report / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Superior mesenteric veinous thrombosis (SMVT) is a rare complication that often occurs in conjunction with intra-abdominal diseases such as diverticulitis, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Its clinical symptoms are non-specific and include fevers, abdominal pain; it has no specific symptoms, and the diagnosis depends on clinical laboratory tests and imaging studies. The occurrence of superior mesenteric veinous thrombophlebitis is related to septic phlebitis caused by the sloughing of the embolus containing bacteria into the portal vein with blood flow. Due to the nonspecific clinical features of this disease, diagnosing it based on clinical characteristics and microbiological aspects is a challenge. A case of superior mesenteric veinous septic thrombophlebitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis infection is reported and to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. The patient was a 34-year-old man who was admitted the hospital with intermittent abdominal pain and fever. Computed tomography (CT) showed partial thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, colonoscopy revealed diverticulitis in the ileoceca, and the blood culture grew Bacteroides fragilis. The patient was treated with anti-infection (ceftazidime 2.0 g q12h intravenous infusion for 11 days; metronidazole 0.5 g, q8h intravenous infusion for 3 days) and anticoagulation (rivaroxaban 20 mg qd orally for 8 days. On the 11th day of hospitalization, the patient's condition improved, and he was discharged. In this case, for patients with fever and abdominal pain, superior mesenteric venous thrombophlebitis should be included in the differential diagnosis. Through auxiliary examination, blood sample culture and other technologies, clear diagnosis should be made in time to improve patient outcomes.

Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into midbrain / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an efficient protocol for directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells (DAPs) in vitro.@*METHODS@#hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into DAPs in two developmental stages. In the first stage (the first 13 days), hiPSCs were induced into intermediate cells morphologically similar to primitive neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in neural induction medium containing a combination of small molecule compounds. In the second stage, the intermediate cells were further induced in neural differentiation medium until day 28 to obtain DAPs. After CM-DiI staining, the induced DAPs were stereotactically transplanted into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of rat models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Eight weeks after transplantation, the motor behaviors of PD rats was evaluated. Immunofluorescence assay of brain sections of the rats was performed at 2 weeks after transplantation to observe the survival, migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells in the host brain microenvironment.@*RESULTS@#hiPSCs passaged stably on Matrigel showed a normal diploid karyotype, expressed the pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog, and were positive for alkaline phosphatase. The primitive neuroepithelial cells obtained on day 13 formed dense cell colonies in the form of neural rosettes and expressed the neuroepithelial markers (SOX2, Nestin, and PAX6, 91.3%-92.8%). The DAPs on day 28 highly expressed the specific markers (TH, FOXA2, LMX1A and NURR1, 93.3-96.7%). In rat models of PD, the hiPSCs-DAPs survived and differentiated into TH+, FOXA2+ and Tuj1+ neurons at 2 weeks after transplantation. Eight weeks after transplantation, the motor function of PD rats was significantly improved as shown by water maze test (P < 0.0001) and apomorphine-induced rotation test (P < 0.0001) compared with rats receiving vehicle injection.@*CONCLUSION@#HiPSCs can be effectively induced to differentiate into DAPs capable of differentiating into functional neurons both in vivo and in vitro. In rat models of PD, the transplanted hiPSCs-DAPs can survive for more than 8 weeks in the MFB and differentiate into multiple functional neurocytes to ameliorate neurological deficits of the rats, suggesting the potential value of hiPSCs-DAPs transplantation for treatment of neurological diseases.

Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Kaixin Powder and predictive analysis of its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.

Potential of natural products containing 3-acyl tetramic acid as antibacterial precursors / 药学学报

The natural products containing 3-acyl tetramic acid units have a large number of complex and diverse structures, showing a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor and so on, especially antibacterial activity which are regarded as a potential reservoir of new antibiotics. In this paper, the antibacterial activities of various natural products containing 3-acyl tetramic acids and the new research hotspots and directions are reviewed.

Countertraction method for reduction of irreducible subcoracoid dislocation of the shoulder joint with Hill-Sacks lesion / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate clinical outcomes of countertraction method in treating irreducible subcoracoid dislocation of shoulder joint combined with Hill-Sacks injury.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 patients with irreducible subcoracoid dislocation of the shoulder joint combined with Hill-Sacks injury admitted from December 2013 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Under the anesthesia of shoulder joint cavity injection, the reduction was performed by using anti-traction method (experimental group) and traditional Hippocrates method (control group), 28 cases in each group. There were 11 males and 17 females in experimental group, with an average age of (61.95±19.32) years old, 9 cases on the left side, and 19 cases on the right side. Twelve males and 16 females in control group, with an average age of (63.13±12.75) years old, 11 cases on the left side, 17 cases on the right side. The curative effects between two groups were evaluated before and after operation, including the success rate of reduction, the duration of reduction, the distance from successful reduction to injury, complications and functional rehabilitation(Constant score of shoulder joint).@*RESULTS@#The success rates of reduction in experimental group and control group were 92.86%(26/28) and 67.86% (19/28), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The duration of simple reduction was (4.25±2.13) min and ( 6.31±1.69) min, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the time from successful reduction to injury was (9.16±0.94) h and (8.94±1.31) h, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05). There were no complications such as vascular nerve injury and fracture in experimental group, 2 cases of axillary nerve injury and 1 case of humeral head fracture in control group. Constant scores of shoulder joint between experimental group and control group were (92.34±5.62) points and (90.91±4.73) points, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with irreducible subcoracoid dislocation of the shoulder joint with Hill-Sacks injury, the countertraction method under anesthesia of the shoulder joint cavity achieved a higher success rate and few complications.

Intravitreal Conbercept or Ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization(CNV).<p>METHODS: A retrospective cohort study. This study included 46 patients(46 eyes)with myopic CNV who were treated with conbercept(conbercept group, 20 cases, 20 eyes)or ranibizumab(ranibizumab group, 26 cases, 26 eyes)from March 2015 to August 2019. Central macular thickness(CMT), the number of injections and complications measured by best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were compared between the two groups before treatment and 1, 3, 6mo after treatment.<p>RESULTS: Before treatment, the BCVA(LogMAR)of conbercept and ranibizumab groups were 0.81±0.51, 0.83±0.66(<i>P</i>=0.900). After treatment, the BCVA(LogMAR)in the conbercept group at 1, 3 and 6mo were 0.59±0.33, 0.49±0.34, 0.44±0.32, in the ranibizumab group were 0.53±0.54, 0.47±0.47, 0.40±0.43. The BCVA was significantly improved in both groups after treatment(all <i>P</i><0.001). Before treatment, the CMT of conbercept and ranibizumab groups were 242.30±73.27, 233.38±66.63μm(<i>P</i>=0.669). After treatment, the CMT in the conbercept group at 1, 3, and 6mo were 217.00±54.78, 208.65±55.38, 206.00±45.34μm, in the ranibizumab group were 197.42±50.47, 198.38±55.19, 192.15±51.97μm. The CMT was significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(all <i>P</i><0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of injections, BCVA and CMT at each follow-up time points between conbercept and ranibizumab groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05). Systemic adverse reactions and serious ocular complications were not found during the treatment period.<p>CONCLUSION: Intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab provide similar efficacy to improve the BCVA and reduce the CMT in the patients with myopic CNV. Both conbercept and ranibizumab could be a choice of treatment for myopic CNV.

Effect of Hedysarum Polysaccharides on Bcl-2/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway of Schwann Cells Cultured in High Glucose / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Hedysarum polysaccharides（HPS）on the signaling pathways of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 3 （Caspase-3）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） in Schwann cells（SCs）cultured in high glucose，and explore the possible mechanism of HPS against diabetic peripheral neuropathy（DPN）. MethodFour SD suckling mice aged 5-7 days were randomly divided into a normal group，a high-glucose group，an HPS + high-glucose group，and an α-lipoic acid（α-LA）+ high-glucose group. SCs were extracted from the sciatic nerve and cultured in a 37 ℃，5% CO2 incubator. After the cells reached 80% confluence，Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）was used to screen the experimental concentrations suitable for high glucose，HPS， and α-LA interventions. Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2，Bax，and Caspase-3. The apoptosis rate of SCs was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）/propidium iodide （PI）. ResultAs revealed by Western blot and real-time PCR，compared with the normal group，the high-glucose group showed reduced protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and increased protein and mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-3（P<0.01）. Compared with the high-glucose group，the HPS + high-glucose group and the α-LA + high-glucose group showed increased protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and decreased protein and mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-3（P<0.01）. As displayed by the results of flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI， compared with the normal group，the high-glucose group showed increased apoptosis rate；compared with the high-glucose group，the HPS + high-glucose group and the α-LA + high-glucose group showed reduced apoptosis rate（P<0.01）. ConclusionHPS can alleviate the apoptotic response of SCs，and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway.

Ideas and Strategies of Hei Xiaoyaosan Regulating TMA/FMO3/TMAO Metabolic Pathway of Intestinal Flora in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease （AD） Based on "Simultaneous Regulation of Three Yin" of Liver， Spleen and Kidney / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is a neurodegenerative disease. With the acceleration of aging process， the number of AD patients increases year by year. This threatens the health and even life of patients， and causes heavy economic burden and mental pressure to patients， families and society. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， AD belongs to the category of dementia， and tonifying kidney is the main treatment. Based on the basic theory of TCM and combined with clinical manifestations of AD， AD is closely correlated with liver and spleen. Therefore， "simultaneous regulation of three Yin" of liver， spleen and kidney will be an important way for the prevention and treatment of AD. Hei Xiaoyaosan， a representative prescription of "simultaneous regulation of three Yin" of liver， spleen and kidney， has theoretical， experimental and clinical basis in preventing and treating AD. Modern studies have shown that neurofibrillary tangle formed by tau hyperphosphorylation is a main pathological feature of AD， and trimethylamine oxide （TMAO） is closely related to tau hyperphosphorylation. Therefore， regulating TMAO metabolism to inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation is a new target for the prevention and treatment of AD. On the basis of the above theory and previous studies， this paper put forward the hypothesis that Hei Xiaoyaosan regulates the trimethylamine（TMA）/heparin monooxygenase 3（FMO3）/TMAO metabolic pathway of intestinal flora through "simultaneous regulation of three Yin" of liver， spleen and kidney， and then inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation in brain hippocampus， thereby protecting nerve cells， improving learning and memory， and preventing AD. This paper explored the role and mechanism of Hei Xiaoyaosan in the prevention and treatment of AD from the perspective of inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating the TMA/FMO3/TMAO metabolic pathway of intestinal flora， which provided new ideas and strategies for in-depth study of Hei Xiaoyaosan in the prevention and treatment of AD.

Research Progress on G2/M Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells by Active Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The global incidence of breast cancer has increased year by year. Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate in female patients with malignant tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has made great contribution to health of human being， improving the overall curative effect， reducing the patients' pain， improving the quality of life and alleviating adverse reactions in patients. TCM and its active compounds can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest， invasion， metastasis and reversing multidrug resistance. The effect of the compounds in TCM is obvious on inducing the arrest of the breast cancer cells cycle. It′s a novel method to fight against breast cancer by influencing the progress of the breast cancer cell cycle and inducing the cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Lots of studies have shown that the G2/M phase checkpoint which transition from gap-phase （G2 phase） to mitotic phase （M phase） in the cell cycle is the key point for cell survival or death. Many antitumor drugs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells through the cell cycle arrest. We summarized the domestic and foreign literatures in recent years， and comprehensively explained the research progress on the related regulatory molecules in G2/M arrest. In addition， we summarized and sorted out the researches on the methods and ways of alkaloids， polysaccharides， terpenes， flavonoids， saponins and other active compounds of TCM in inducing the G2/M arrest of human breast cancer cells. By summarizing the active compounds of various Chinese medicines in inducing G2/M arrest of breast cancer cells， and reviewing the research progress on mechanism of active TCM compounds for inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells， we will， in this paper， investigate the mechanism of active TCM compounds for inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells through inducing G2/M arrest of human breast cancer cells， so as to provide a scientific basis for in-depth research on the anti-breast cancer mechanism of the active compounds in TCM.

Comprehensive chemical study on different organs of cultivated and wild Sarcandra glabra using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS) / 中国天然药物

To illuminate the similarities and differences between wild and cultivated Sarcandra glabra (S. glabra), we performed a comprehensively study on 26 batches of cultivated S. glabra and 2 batches of wild S. glabra. Chemical constituents and distribution characteristics of roots, stems and leaves in both wild and cultivated S. glabra were investigated through UHPLC-TOF-MS method. The result revealed that there were significant differences between roots, stems and leaves in S. glabra. And the chemical contents in the root part were less or even absence than those in leaf and stem, which suggested the root organ could be excluded as medicine. Meanwhile, the chemical contents of stems and leaves in cultivated S. glabra was sightly higher than that of wild samples. Therefore, cultivated S. glabra may have a high potential for substitution of wild S. glabra without affecting its pharmaceutical properties. In summary, our study could provide important information to the molecular basis for quality control of S. glabra.

Application of Next-Generation Sequencing in Screening of Thalassemia Gene in 11212 Pregnant Women in Suxian and Beihu Districts of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the carrying rate, gene mutation frequency and composition ratio of thalassemia in pregnant women in Suxian and Beihu districts of Chenzhou, Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#Thalassemia gene in 11 212 samples was analyzed by using Next-Generation Sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Among the 11 212 samples, 938 were diagnosed as thalassemia, in which 618 (5.51%) were diagnosed as α-thalassemia, 268 (2.39%) as β-thalassemia, 29（0.26%）as abnormal hemoglobin and 23 (0.21%) as αβ-thalassemia. The gene mutations of --SEA /αα(40.29%) and -α3.7/αα(37.7%) in α-thalassemia were the most common, while for β- thalassemia, the most commonly gene mutation were β41-42M/βN(24.26%) and β654M/βN(23.88%). The detection rate of rare type α,β-thalassemia gene was 0.19%(21/11 212）, 0.53%（59/11 212）, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The carrying rate of thalassemia in pregnant women is 8.37% in Suxian and Beihu districts of Chenzhou city, and the genotypes are complex. Next-Generation Sequencing can detect rare thalassemia genes and new gene mutations effectively.

A review of lignans from genus Kadsura and their spectrum characteristics / 中草药·英文版

Kadsura belongs to the Schisandroideae subfamily of Magnoliaceae. Plants from genus Kadsura are widely distributed in the South and Southwest of China. The plants of the genus are widely used as folk medicine for a long time in history, with the functions of relieving pain, promoting ‘qi’ circulation, activating blood resolve stasis, and applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders. Lignans are the primary characteristic constituents with various biological activities of plants from genus Kadsura. This paper summarized 81 lignans isolated from the plants of genus Kadsura over the past eight years (from 2014 to 2021), which belong to five types: dibenzocyclooctadienes, spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadienes, aryltetralins, diarylbutanes and tetrahydrofurans. Each type of these lignans possess typical characteristics in proton magnetic resonance (

Review of chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and prediction of its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a Chinese herbal medicine that promotes blood circulation to remove blood stasis, nourishes blood to tranquilize the mind, and cools blood to disperse carbuncles. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has microcirculation-improving, blood vessel-dilating, atherosclerosis-preventing, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and blood pressure-and blood lipid-lowering activities. As research progresses, the chemical composition, pharmacological effect, and clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma have attracted much attention. We reviewed the research progress in this field. Based on the concept of quality marker(Q-marker) in traditional Chinese medicine, the Q-markers of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of quality transfer, traceability, ingredient specificity, association between ingredients and pharmacological effects, ingredient predictability, and compounding environment. This review provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its preparations.

Current quality standards of Andrographis Herba of different countries and regions / 中国中药杂志

Andrographis Herba is a commonly used plant medicine, and has been recorded in pharmacopeias of different countries. However, there are some differences in the quality standards. Based on this, this paper compare the quality standards of Andrographis Herba between Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, United States Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia, including origin, botanical characteristics, identification(microscopic identification and chromatographic identification), content determination, specific test(such as impurities, loss on drying, extractives, pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other items) and storage requirements, so as to provide a reference for studying international quality standards of Andrographis.

Analysis of malaria cases in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological character of malaria in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria was collected from the infectious disease reporting system of medical institutions at various levels in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017, and the epidemiological methods was used to analyze the distribution of malaria in population, time and region. Results From 2005 to 2017, 111 malaria cases were reported in Haidian District of Beijing, the annual average incidence rate was 0.26/100 000 and one death case was reported in 2014. Among the four reported types of falciparum malaria, vivax malaria, three-day malaria and untyped malaria, the most common falciparum malaria (54.5%, 60/111), no mixed infection; The peak incidence was concentrated in the summer and autumn of June-September (52.0%, 58/111); the cases were mainly occurred in young adults aged from 20 to 59(93.7%,104/111), and the incidence of males was higher than that of females ( 2=52.9, P<0.001); Cadres were the main ward population (33.3%, 33/111). Malaria cases were reported in 26 streets and towns in Haidian District. 81 cases were imported from abroad, accounting for 71.4% of the total cases, of which 74 (91.36%) were originated from Africa. Conclusions In the past 13 years, the incidence of malaria was sporadic, mainly in imported cases. The monitoring of malaria should be strengthened by entry and exit to prevent the second-generation cases of malaria.

Withaminimas A-F, six withanolides with potential anti-inflammatory activity from Physalis minima / 中国天然药物

Withaminimas A-F (1-6), six new withaphysalin-type withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis minima L.. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through a variety of spectroscopic techniques including HR-MS, NMR, and ECD. Compound 1 belongs to rare 18-norwithanolides, and 2-3 were 13/14-secowithanolides. According to the traditional usage of P. minima, inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccaride-activated RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated, and compounds 1-4 exhibited significant inhibitory effects with IC values among 3.91-18.46 μmol·L.

Investigation into perturbed nucleoside metabolism and cell cycle for elucidating the cytotoxicity effect of resveratrol on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells / 中国天然药物

In an effort to understand the molecular events contributing to the cytotoxicity activity of resveratrol (RSV), we investigated its effects on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 at different concentrations. Cellular nucleoside metabolic profiling was determined by an established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method in A549 cells. RSV resulted in significant decreases and imbalances of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) pools suppressing subsequent DNA synthesis. Meanwhile, RSV at high concentration caused significant cell cycle arrest at S phase, in which cells required the highest dNTPs supply than other phases for DNA replication. The inhibition of DNA synthesis thus blocked subsequent progression through S phase in A549 cells, which may partly contribute to the cytotoxicity effect of RSV. However, hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of RNR activity, caused similar dNTPs perturbation but no S phase arrest, finally no cytotoxicity effect. Therefore, we believed that the dual effect of high concentration RSV, including S phase arrest and DNA synthesis inhibition, was required for its cytotoxicity effect on A549 cells. In summary, our results provided important clues to the molecular basis for the anticancer effect of RSV on epithelial cells.

Bmi-1 as A Molecular Marker for Prognosis of Pediatric ALL / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study whether the Bmi-1 gene can be a biomarker for analysis of clinical risk stratification and prognosis of ALL patients.@*METHODS@#The expression level of Bmi-1 gene in bone marrow samples from 127 cases of newly diagnosed ALL was detected by qRT-PCR, at the same time the expression level of Bmi-1 protein in bone marrow samples from above-mentioned cases was detected by Western blot. The collected samples were divided into 3 groups: high, intermediate and low risk according to clinical risk stratfication, the relationship between Bmi-1 expression and risk grade of ALL patients was analyzed; at the same time the collected samples were divided into 2 groups: prednisone good response (PGR) and prednisone poor respouse (PPR) according to the sensitivity of prednison test, and the sensitivily to prednisone in 2 groups was compared; moreover, the collected samples were divided into 2 groups: high level and low level according to median of Bmi-1 level, and the relation of Bmi-1 level with prognosis of patients was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of Bmi-1 in low risk group was lowest, while that in high risk group was highest, however that in intermediat risk group was between the low and high risk groups, statistical analysis showed significant difference (P＜0.05). The expression level of Bmi-1 in PPR group was significantly higher than that in PGR group (P＜0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the RFS rate in Bmi-1 high expression group was significantly lower than that in Bmi-1 low expression group (73.0% vs 90.6%) (P＜0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The Bmi-1 can be used as a molecular marker for the analysis of chinical risk and prognosis of pediatric ALL.

Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in children with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).@*METHODS@#The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.